
Types of infant formula
- Cow's milk formula: This is the most common and nutritionally complete infant formula. It’s not suitable for babies with dairy allergies or sensitivities and as it can cause digestive upset and allergic reactions.
- Goat's milk formula: An alternative to cow's milk that's easier to digest because it has a different protein structure and smaller fat globules. However, if not properly fortified, it could lead to a folic acid deficiency.
- Soy milk formula: A plant-based option suitable for infants with cow’s milk protein allergy or lactose intolerance. It’s not recommended for preterm infants because it contains phytoestrogens.
- Hydrolyzed formula: These formulas contain proteins that are broken down into smaller peptides for easier digestion. Extensively hydrolyzed formulas (eHF) are used for infants with cow’s milk protein allergies, while partially hydrolyzed formulas (pHF) are used for mild intolerances or for allergy prevention. Compared to pHF formulas, eHF formulas are more effective in managing allergies.
- Hypoallergenic formula: These formulas are made for infants with cow’s milk protein allergies and use extensively hydrolyzed proteins to reduce the risk of allergic reactions.
- Amino acid formula: This formula contains proteins that are completely broken down into free amino acids instead of whole or smaller proteins. Amino acid formulas are used for infants with severe allergies or those who do not tolerate eHF.
Factors to consider when choosing infant formula
- Accessibility: Consider where the formula can be purchased–in-store, online, or through subscription services.
- Cost: Specialized formulas and newer brands with unique ingredients, like organic infant formulas or European formulations, are usually more expensive.
- Ingredients: Some parents prefer formulas with added ingredients, like probiotics or omega-3 fatty acids.
- Certifications: Some parents opt for formulas with special certifications, such as USDA Organic or Clean LabelProject Purity Certified, to ensure the product meets specific manufacturing standards and quality assurances.
- Health conditions: If your child has allergies, sensitivities, or conditions like reflux, your pediatrician may recommend a specific formula tailored to address these concerns.
- Formula form: Powdered formulas are cost-effective but require mixing. Liquid concentrates are easier to prepare but more expensive than powder. Ready-to-feed formulas are the most convenient but the priciest option.
Iron in infant formula
All infant formulas in the United States are required to include iron to help prevent iron deficiency anemia, a common deficiency in children.
Carbohydrates in infant formula
Lactose is the main carbohydrate in most infant formulas and closely resembles the composition of breast milk. For infants with lactose intolerance, lactose-free formulas typically use corn syrup or maltodextrin. Few infant formulas use sucrose due to health concerns and its impact on dental health.
Protein in infant formula
- Intact proteins: Whole proteins found in standard infant formula like cow's milk or goat milk infant formula.
- Partially hydrolyzed proteins: Partially broken down proteins for easier digestion. These infant formulas are usually marketed as "gentle" formulas.
- Extensively hydrolyzed proteins: These proteins are extensively broken down and are used for babies with cow's milk protein allergy. These formulas are often labeled as hypoallergenic.
When to consult a pediatrician
If you’re planning on feeding your baby with infant formula, consult your pediatrician about the best infant formula for your baby. The best infant formula depends on your baby’s health needs. If you're transitioning from breast milk to formula or switching formulas, consult your pediatrician for guidance on the best approach.
If you have questions about how to choose the best infant formula for your baby, reach out to your local or Summer Health pediatrician for support. Summer Health is a pediatric telehealth platform offering 24/7 care, providing answers for everything from urgent concerns to everyday questions about your child’s health.
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